Seerah
السيرة النبوية

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born in Mecca in the Year of the Elephant, the son of Abdullah and Aminah, from the noble lineage of Quraysh through the family of Hashim.

While with Halimah al-Sa'diyya, the Prophet's ﷺ chest was opened and his heart purified by angels. Shortly after, his mother Aminah passed away, deepening his status as an orphan.

After the death of Abd al-Muttalib, the Prophet ﷺ was raised by his uncle Abu Talib. He became known throughout Mecca as Al-Amin (The Trustworthy) before his marriage to Khadijah bint Khuwaylid at age 25.

At age 40, the Prophet ﷺ received the first revelation in Cave Hira during Ramadan. The angel Jibril appeared and commanded: "Read!" This was the beginning of the final message to humanity.

The Prophet ﷺ began his mission privately for three years, then publicly proclaimed Islam. Quraysh responded with mockery, torture of the weak, and economic boycott. The first Muslims endured extraordinary hardship.

Shortly after the Year of Sorrow, Allah honoured His Prophet ﷺ with the Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and the Ascension through the heavens — where the five daily prayers were prescribed.

Unable to bear the persecution of Quraysh, the Prophet ﷺ permitted his companions to migrate to Christian Abyssinia — the first migration in Islam. The Negus (king) heard both sides and gave the Muslims full protection.

During the Hajj seasons, delegations from Madinah pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ at Aqabah. The Second Pledge brought 73 men and 2 women who offered to protect him as their own families — laying the foundation for the Hijra.

After 13 years of persecution in Mecca, Allah permitted the Prophet ﷺ and his companions to migrate to Madinah. The Hijra marks such a pivotal turning point that Umar RA later made it the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

The first major battle of Islam. 313 poorly-equipped Muslims faced 1,000 Qurayshi warriors. Allah sent angels to fight alongside the believers. Quraysh was routed, their leaders killed, and the young Muslim community was established as a force.

Upon arriving in Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ first built Masjid al-Nabawi as the centre of the community. He then established the Brotherhood (al-Muakhah) — pairing each Muhajir with an Ansari — creating an unprecedented bond of shared life and wealth.

The Prophet ﷺ drafted a constitutional document between the Muslim immigrants, the Ansar, and the Jewish tribes of Madinah — establishing rights, responsibilities, and a framework for peaceful co-existence under Islamic leadership.

Quraysh returned with 3,000 to avenge Badr. The Muslims were winning until the archers disobeyed the Prophet's ﷺ command and abandoned their post. Khalid ibn al-Walid exploited the gap. 70 companions were martyred including Hamzah RA. The Prophet ﷺ himself was wounded.

The largest coalition ever assembled against the Muslims — 10,000 soldiers — surrounded Madinah. On the suggestion of Salman al-Farisi RA, the Muslims dug a trench on the vulnerable side. After 27 days of siege, a divine windstorm and internal discord broke the coalition.

Eight years after being driven out, the Prophet ﷺ returned to Mecca with 10,000 companions. He entered with humility and mercy, granting general amnesty to his bitterest enemies. The idols of the Ka'bah were destroyed.

The Prophet ﷺ set out for Umrah with 1,400 companions but was blocked by Quraysh at Hudaybiyyah. The resulting treaty appeared to favour Quraysh — but Allah called it a "clear victory." Within two years, it enabled the Conquest of Mecca.

Following Hudaybiyyah, the Prophet ﷺ dispatched letters to the greatest rulers of the world — the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, the Persian Emperor Khosrow II, the Egyptian Muqawqis, and others — inviting them to Islam.

Weeks after the Conquest of Mecca, the Muslim army of 12,000 was ambushed and nearly routed. Some said: "We will not be defeated today by reason of our numbers." This pride led to the initial rout — until the Prophet ﷺ rallied them by name.

In his only Hajj, the Prophet ﷺ delivered the Farewell Sermon on Mount Arafat — a comprehensive charter of human rights and Islamic principles. Three months later, he passed away in Madinah. A whole religion had been completed.

The final major military expedition of the Prophet ﷺ. He mobilised 30,000 companions to confront a reported Byzantine threat — in extreme heat and hardship. The hypocrites made excuses; the believers sacrificed everything. No battle occurred, but the expedition revealed souls.